Salivary gland disorders may be caused by nonneoplastic conditions or neoplasms. Salivary glands are unique because of the manifold subtypes of benign and malignant diseases found there. Traditionally, the treatment of choice for these tumors is surgery. F infection viral bacterial mycoticg autoimmune disorders sjogrens syndrome mikuliczs disease uveoparotid fever recurrent non specific parotitis 8.
There are three major types of salivary mucocele based on the location of the. To help maintain good oral health, its important to drink lots of liquid every day to promote good saliva production. The salivary gland may also be affected by a various benign and malignant tumours. We hope that you will find the information here to be helpful, whether you are a patient with salivary gland disease, a physician seeking information, potential resident or an interested lay person. Approximately three fourths of all salivary gland tumors occur in the major salivary glands. To better demonstrate the evolution of this field and its diagnostic and therapeutic management, the contents of this book have been organized to reflect the diverse nature of salivary gland anatomy, physiology, and dysfunction in various states. The parotid gland is located in front of the ear, and it secretes its mostly serous saliva via the parotid duct stenson duct. Jan 16, 2020 some of the most common salivary gland disorders include. Jan 22, 2014 an estimated 750 deaths related to salivary gland tumors occur annually. Acute suppurative sialadenitis presents as rapidonset pain and swelling and is treated with antibiotics, salivary massage, hydration, and sialagogues such as lemon drops or vitamin c lozenges.
They represent less than one percent of all head and neck tumors. Explore the latest in salivary gland disorders, including recent advances in diagnosis and management of parotitis and salivary gland cancer. To better demonstrate the evolution of this field and its diagnostic and therapeutic management, the contents of this book have been organized to reflect the diverse nature of salivary gland anatomy, physiology, and dysfunction in various states of disease. Therefore, routine examina tion of salivary function must be part of any head. Patients with salivary gland disease sgd present with unique objective andor subjec tive signs. Dec 18, 2015 salivary gland problems may be due to infection, inflammation, obstruction or tumours. Salivary gland tumours tumours of salivary glands represent a complex and histopathologically diverse group of tumour diagnosis and management is complicated by the fact that they are in frequent making up only 1% of head and neck tumour proper management require and accurate diagnosis by the pathologists and physicians.
Diagnosis and management fills a major gap in the literature by presenting modern and uptodate knowledge on all aspects of this important field. The salivary glands are found in and near your mouth, face, and neck. Developmental anomalies aberrant salivary glands an aberrant or ectopic is salivary gland tissue that develops at a site where it is not normally found. Successful diagnosis has proved to be dependent on the organized integration of. Salivary glands may be affected by a number of diseases. Other illnesses which can cause swellings in the salivary glands include. Jul 04, 2017 a generalised swelling of salivary glands can be caused by illness of other body systems systemic illness.
An accurate diagnosis for these patients requires a range of. This unique feature represents the mixture of air and saliva within the limited confines of the duct lumen. Some of the most common salivary gland disorders include. The disorders themselves cover a broad array of diseases, both benign and malignant.
From new findings at the molecular level, to diagnostic advances in. The salivary glands make saliva and release it into the mouth. All salivary gland swellings need urgent referral and. Salivary gland anatomy n parotid gland n submandibular gland n sublingual gland n minor glands it is not our intent to cover anatomy during this course. The chart showing pdf series, word series, html series, scan qr codes. Algorithm for determining the etiology of salivary gland swelling. Evaluation of patients with suspected salivary gland disorders figure 1. The effects of these disorders on the salivary glands have a profound impact on oral health and functions. The fine anatomical and histological details will be covered in other courses. A generalised swelling of salivary glands can be caused by illness of other body systems systemic illness. The presentation can be acute, recurrent, or chronic.
Some are more common than others, and they are considered according to a surgical sieve, but this list is not exhaustive. Patients with such problems are usually seen in the dental office for evaluation and therapy, and the. Following radiotherapy of the head and neck region, salivary gland dysfunction is a. Salivary gland cysts cystic lesions of salivary gland may be congenital, which include first branchial cleft cysts fig. Evaluation methods for xerostomia and salivary gland function are presented. The salivary gland cancers account for approximately 6% percent of neoplasms of head and neck cancers stenner and klussmann, 2009. Salivary gland diseases sgd are multiple and varied in cause there are three paired major salivary glands in humans the parotid glands, the submandibular glands, and the sublingual glands, and about 800 minor salivary glands in the mucosa of the mouth. Salivary gland disease an overview sciencedirect topics. Involvement of major salivary gland tissue is distinctly rare, usually being reported in the parotid gland. Causes of salivary gland problems include infections, obstruction, or cancer.
Salivary gland disorders american family physician. Common presentations, such as a painful or swollen gland, can be caused by numerous disorders of strikingly variable severity and consequences, including inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic conditions, for which treatment can differ significantly, and referral for specialty care is sometimes necessary. The fine anatomical and histological details will be covered in. This chapter will provide an overview of the functions of saliva, the anatomy and. To better demonstrate the evolution of this field and its diagnostic and therapeutic management, the contents of this book have been organized to reflect the diverse nature of salivary gland anatomy.
Bacterial infection of the salivary gland, most commonly the parotid gland, may result when the duct into the mouth is blocked. Salivary gland disorders include inflammatory, bacterial, viral, and neoplastic etiologies. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune salivary gland. Salivary gland disorders and diseases pdf free pdf epub. If the stone does not pass on its own, a dentist can sometimes push the stone out by pressing on both sides of the duct. Located in the upper part of each cheek, close to the ear. For salivary gland stones, people can take pain relievers analgesics, drink extra fluids, massage the glands, apply warm compresses, and trigger saliva flow with lemon juice or wedges, sour candy, or a combination. Salivary mucocele formation is the most common disease of the salivary gland in the dog and cat. Dryness of the mouth xerostomia is the most common symptom associated with salivary gland dysfunction. Apr 02, 2020 causes of salivary gland problems include infections, obstruction, or cancer. Salivary gland neoplasms make up 1% of all head and neck tumors 90. However, you should know the locations and characteristics of the salivary glands. Mouth dryness or thick saliva american cancer society also in spanish. Salivary gland dysfunction occurs when salivary rates are reduced and this can result in xerostomia dry mouth.
Salivary gland disorders ear, nose, and throat disorders. Knowing the type of salivary gland tumor you have helps your doctor determine which treatment options are best for you. Presentation is key to diagnosing salivary gland disorders. Salivary gland disorders dental clinics of north america. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune salivary gland disorders. Treatment for salivary gland disorders depends on the disease type and how advanced it is. Aplasia is the complete absence of one or more salivary gland which leads to xerostomia, and affected patients are more susceptible to dental caries. Right scintigram r demonstrates absence of parotid and submandibular gland radioisotope concentration because of gland aplasia in the same patient. For example, if you have a mass in your salivary gland, your doctor may recommend surgery to remove the. As a result, gps often only experience limited exposure to salivary gland disorders. Written by the internationally leading authorities, salivary gland disorders and diseases. A salivary gland aplasia has caused unique dental chipping pattern.
Inflammatory acute suppurative sialadenitis disorders of salivary glands pathophysiology reduced body mobility reduced saliva mobility staph. Ultrasound stones appears as markedly hyperechoic lines or points with distal acoustic shadowing. Basic salivary gland pathology 1 basic salivary gland pathology jennifer l. The most common benign salivary gland tumor is a pleomorphic adenoma.
The anatomy and physiology of salivary glands benefits of saliva is that it is easily available for noninvasive collection and analysis. Various examples of disorders affecting the salivary glands are listed below. This article discusses salivary gland disorders and provides nurses with a broad base of knowledge for use in planning and implementing perioperative patient care. There is squamous metaplasia of the salivary gland ducts and lobules, with ischemic necrosis of the salivary gland lobules. Jun 18, 2018 treatment for salivary gland disorders depends on the disease type and how advanced it is. Differential diagnoses for submandibular swelling include inflammation, abscess formation, lymphadenopathy, neoplasia, or salivary mucocele. Salivary gland pathology book also available for read online, mobi, docx and mobile and kindle reading. Diagnosis and management ebook description overall, the text is easy to read and a valuable resource for any head and neck surgeon who desires greater insight into one of the most fascinating glands in the human body.
Atresia is the congenital occlusion or absence of salivary ducts which leads to xerostomia or mucous retention cyst. Center for sialendoscopy and salivary gland disorders home. Written by worldrenowned experts, salivary gland disorders and diseases. Main content welcome to the center for sialendoscopy and salivary gland disorders.
There are three pairs of relatively large, major salivary glands. Diagnosing, managing, and preventing salivary gland disorders. Diagnosis and management fi lls a major gap in the. A guide to salivary gland disorders mcewen 1997 aorn. Corresponding to the low prevalence of salivary gland disorders in childhood, there is little evidence on this subject in the literature.
Oct 26, 2018 many different types of salivary gland tumors exist. In addition to these major glands, 600 to 1,000 very tiny, minor salivary glands are scattered throughout the mouth and throat. The majority of patients treated for salivary disorders are those with. A salivary gland infection is typically caused by a bacterial infection. Sjogrens syndrome is another common salivary gland disorder. Salivary gland abnormalities and salivary dysfunction are important orofacial disorders. Disorders of the salivary gland small animal soft tissue.
Management of salivary disorders encompasses a broad array of diseases, both benign and malignant. Jun 01, 2014 salivary gland disorders include inflammatory, bacterial, viral, and neoplastic etiologies. Salivary gland tumors symptoms and causes mayo clinic. The majority of these tumors reoccur after curative surgical procedures. Malignant lesions typically present after age 60, while benign lesions usually present after age 40. Salivary gland problems most often manifest as submandibular swelling, which can either be painful or nonpainful depending on the underlying cause. Usually, colicky postprandial swelling of the gland. Involvement of major salivary gland tissue is distinctly rare, usually being reported in. Acquired cysts may be a result of obstruction, trauma or surgical complication. Salivary gland disorders in children and adolescents. For example, if you have a mass in your salivary gland, your doctor may recommend surgery to. Salivary disorders in small animals merck veterinary manual.
Doctors classify salivary gland tumors based on the type of cells involved in the tumors. Usually a careful history and examination give initial clues as to the cause and ultrasound is generally the first line of investigation. Tiny, calciumrich stones sometimes form inside the salivary glands. The most common of these is a condition called sjogrens syndrome, which results in you having a very dry mouth. B scintigraphy l demonstrates radioisotope pickup by salivary glands in normal patient. It occurs when white blood cells target healthy cells in moistureproducing glands, such as the salivary, sweat, and oil glands. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of salivary gland infection. Problems can also be due to other disorders, such as mumps or sjogrens syndrome. Salivary gland dysfunction refers to either xerostomia the symptom of dry mouth or salivary gland hypofunction reduced production of saliva. Figure 1 major salivary glands and their related structures. They are located under the moist skin that lines the. It can be used to monitor the presence and levels of hormones, drugs, antibodies, microorganisms and ions.
Necrotizing sialometaplasia has also been termed salivary gland necrosis or infarction. Salivary stones account for half of salivary gland disorders in the uk, with 5. Mar 12, 2012 f infection viral bacterial mycoticg autoimmune disorders sjogrens syndrome mikuliczs disease uveoparotid fever recurrent non specific parotitis 8. Salivary gland disorders karan jolly, paul davies, neil. There are three pairs of major salivary glands and several hundred minor salivary. A 46yearold man with salivary duct carcinoma of the right parotid gland presented for evaluation of a 3week history of multiple new pruritic skin lesions on the right chest and endorsed erythematous skin changes within the field of radiation. M aking a diagnosis of a salivary gland disorder can be difficult. The presentation of salivary gland pathology to general practice is relatively infrequent. Salivary gland disease is managed by a number of specialities. They may present with acute, chronic or recurrent symptoms. Worldwide, the annual incidence of tumors of salivary gland origin represents more than 0.
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